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Key Facts & Summary: Ionic bond, is the force of attraction between oppositely charged species (ions). An ion is an atom that has a non-zero net electrical charge. Whether an element is going to be the cation or anion in an ionic bond depends on several factors, the periodic table can serve as a guide. ...
Key Facts & Summary of Formulae Equations and Amount of Substance: Formulae are used for writing the atoms forming a molecule. The molecular formula, simply shows the type of atom in a molecule and the number of times they are present in the entire molecule. The empirical formula is just showing the ratio between the ...
Key Facts & Summary for Chromatography and Qualitative Analysis: Chromatography is a process in which a chemical mixture is separated into its components while carried by a liquid or gas. Chromatography is used for the separation of a mixture. The separation is based on differential partitioning between the mobile and stationary phases. Thin layer chromatography ...
Key Facts & Summary: Carboxylic acids are compounds containing a functional group called the carboxyl group (-COOH). The melting points and boiling points of carboxylic acids are higher than the corresponding hydrocarbons because of hydrogen bonds. Carboxylic acids are considered the most acidic organic compounds. An ester is an organic compound where the hydrogen in ...
Key Facts & Summary about Carbon-carbon Bond Formation: Carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions are organic reactions in which a new carbon–carbon bond is formed. Electrophiles are reagents with positive charge or neutral species having a vacant orbital. Electrophiles are attracted to an electron rich centre. Nucleophile is a chemical species that has a free pair of electrons ...
Key Facts & Summary for Atomic Structure and Periodic Table: The particles constituting an atom are the electron, the proton, and the neutron. An atom is composed of two regions: the nucleus, which is in the center of the atom and contains protons and neutrons, and the outer region of the atom, which holds its ...
Key Facts & Summary: Amino acids can be defined as carboxylic acids that contain an amine function. Alpha carbon, Cα is directly bonded to the carboxylic group, to an amino group, to a group (R) and to an hydrogen (H). If the amine group of amino acid and the carboxyl group of a second amino ...
Key Facts & Summary for the Structure and Properties of Amines: An amine is an organic compounds or a functional group that contains a basic nitrogen atom. The nitrogen in an amine has a lone pair (a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom). The polar nature of the N-H bond ...
Key Facts & Summary for Rates, Equilibrium and pH: Reaction rate is the number of reactant particles that react to form product particles per unit of time Reaction rate is influenced mainly by temperature, concentration, particle size and the presence of a catalyst Entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system Chemical equilibrium ...
Key Facts & Summary of Lattice Enthalpy: Lattice enthalpy is a measure of the strength of the forces between the ions in an ionic solid. Lattice energy is the energy required to separate 1 mol of an ionic solid into gaseous ions Lattice enthalpy increases with the charges and decreases with the size of the ...
