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Introduction Studying chemical reactions has been the endeavor of human societies since time immemorial. Through the ages, our understanding of the subject has increased step-by-step, and just as important as the products of the reactions has been the exploration of the steps involved therein. Reaction kinetics, also known as chemical kinetics, is the branch of ...
Introduction to Group 2 Elements Group 2 in the periodic table houses some of the most important elements that play crucial roles in our day-to-day lives. Beryllium (Be), Magnesium (Mg), Calcium (Ca), Strontium (Sr), Barium (Ba), and Radium are the elements in Group 2. (Ra). Because they have two electrons in their outermost S orbital, ...
Introduction to Chemical Periodicity Chemical periodicity has been described as the characteristics of elements showing a pattern and recurring variation with increasing atomic number. In the beginning, just 31 elements were known, but currently, 118 elements are known. As a result, studying the chemistry of all the different elements is extremely challenging. Scientists are looking ...
Introduction Characterization of chemical compounds has been at the core of the chemical sciences since ages. With the advent of technology, instrumental techniques have been developed to identify the functional groups and the structure of molecules. Among the techniques available today, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is the foremost to characterize the organic compounds, and in ...
Introduction In our day-to-day lives, we come across a wide range of substances that form the core of our food, drink, and other immediate interaction with hydroxy compounds. The hydroxy group is found all across chemistry and biology. A hydroxy or hydroxyl group is a functional group composed of one oxygen atom covalently bonded to ...
Displacement reaction is the type of chemical reaction in which the atom of the more reactive element(s) displaces the atom of the less reactive element(s) from its compound. Displacement reaction occurs in both metals and nonmetals. It is also called a replacement reaction or substitution reaction. Imagine two people having one basket each to carry ...
Ionisation energy is the minimum quantity or amount of energy needed by an isolated gaseous atom in its ground state to remove its valence electron or the most loosely packed/bounded electron. This leaves a cation, as an electron has been released. The symbols of ionisation energy are IE, IP, ΔH° The general way to express ...
The word “energetics” refers to heat or energy. Chemical energetics involves the transformation of heat during a chemical reaction. Explanation of Chemical Energies As we know that chemical reactions involve the breaking and making of bonds and in these processes, energy plays an important role. During bond breaking energy is required while in bond formation ...
Introduction to Isotopic Abundance Nature's elements have occurred over billions of years via nuclear reactions. As the protons and neutrons came together, the ratio of their composition in atoms took definite trends and formed the stable forms that we know today. In this route, the number of neutrons often got variable even as the proton ...
Introduction to Combustion Analysis As we know from our day-to-day experience, a fire burns materials into smoke and ashes. This transformation is widely known as the very fundamental form of combustion. A more refined understanding of combustion comes from a chemical perspective that views the process as the mixing and exothermic reaction of a fuel ...
